美國CPA《財務會計與報告》例題（4）

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　　A deferred outflow of resources is a consumption of net assets that is applicable to a future reporting period.

　　Deferred outflows of resources have a positive effect on net position and are reported following assets but before liabilities.

　　A deferred inflow of resources is an acquisition of net assets that is applicable to a future reporting period.

　　Deferred inflow of resources have a negative effect on net position and are reported following liabilities but before equity.

　　Presentation of statements of financial position

　　Governmental fund balance：（Assets+Deferred outflows of resources=Liabilities+Deferred inflows of resources+Fund Balance

　　Government-wide /proprietary fund/Fiduciary fund：（Assets+Deferred outflows of resources）-（Liabilities+Deferred inflows of resources）=Net Position

　　Types of transactions classified as deferred outflows of resources and deferred inflows of resources（4 types）

　　A.Service Concession Arrangements（SCA）政府資產的發包經營

　　Upfront or installment payments are displayed as an asset at their present value along with a deferred inflow of resources

　　Deferred inflows should be recognized in a systematic and rational manner

　　SCA的會計處理

　　Show the managed facility as a capital asset

　　Displays a liability for significant contractual obligation

　　Upfront or installment payments are displayed as an asset at their present value along with a deferred inflow of resources

　　Deferred inflows should be recognized in a systematic and rational manner

　　B.Derivative instruments and hedge accounting

　　Derivatives are reported at fair value

　　Changes in value of derivatives used as investments are displayed within the investment revenue classification

　　Changes in value of derivatives used for hedging activities are reported as either deferred outflows or deferred inflows of resources.

　　C.Other deferred outflows / inflows of resources（GASB 65）

　　Imposed Nonexchange revenue transactions

　　Refunding of Debt

　　Sales and intra-entity transfers of future revenue

　　Sale and leaseback

　　Assets associated with unavailable revenue

　　Others

　　D.Accounting and financial reporting for pensions

　　Pension liability change is caused by pension cost（SIR AGE）

　　“SIR” expensed

　　“AGE”，deferred outflows and deferred inflows

　　FAR F8-4 Governmental Funds

　　“DRIP CEG，PIPpA”

　　The general fund is created at the beginning of the governmental unit，and it exists throughout the life of that unit.

　　The general fund accounts for the general activities of a government that are not accounted for by any other fund.

　　Revenue sources=Taxes+Fees & Fines+intergovernmental+Charges for services+Other revenues.

　　Expenditure types=General government+Public safety+Culture and recreation

　　Adopt modified accrual and budgetary accounting

　　General fund unique accounting issues

　　Modified accrual and budgetary accounting

　　Only one general fund

　　Must be major fund

　　Only exist current asset & current liability

　　No fixed assets & no Long-term debt

　　F/S–Required Supplementary Information （RSI）–Budgetary Comparison Schedule

　　“DRIP CEG，PIPpA”

　　Special revenue funds account for revenues and expenditures that are legally restricted or committed for specific purposes other than debt service or capital projects.

　　E.g.Special fees（to operate school programs）中國的教育附加費

　　Revenue sources=Intergovernmental revenue+Fees

　　Expenditure types=character expenditures（特定目的支出）+Functional expenditures（功能性支出）

　　Special revenue fund unique accounting issues

　　Expendable trust activity should be accounted for in a special revenue fund.

　　Expendable trust activities represent funding whose principal and income may be expended in the course of their designated operations so that they are depleted by the end of their designated lives.

　　Special revenue fund unique accounting issues

　　When a grant is received and the recipient government monitoring it，it is special revenue fund.

　　When a grant is received and the recipient government not-monitoring it，it is agency trust fund.

　　“DRIP CEG，PIPpA”

　　The debt service fund is created to account for the accumulation of resources and the payment of currently due interest and principal on “long-term general obligation debt” by setting aside cash and cash equivalents.

　　The debt service fund ONLY pays off the debt of governmental funds.

　　The debt service fund‘s resources for new debt are frequently derived from allocated portions of property taxes，transfers from other funds，and investment interest

　　Expenditure=Legally due interest+legally due principle

　　Principal and interest expenditures should be recorded when they are legally payable per the bond agreement.

　　There is no accrual of interest expenditures or interest payable.

　　No allocation between interest and principal；both are expenditures

　　There is no amortization of a premium or a discount.

　　Premiums and discounts are treated as a component of bond proceeds.

　　Debt service fund are required only when legally mandated.

　　The operations of debt service fund are similar to a commercial accounting“sinking fund”

　　“DRIP CEG，PIPpA”