AICPA《審計與鑒證》知識點：期后事項兩大分類

2019年美國注冊會計師考試即將來襲，各位考生準備好了嗎？針對AUD《審計與鑒證》科目備考，正保會計網校AICPA教學老師特為大家分享了期后事項 （Subsequent Events）的兩大分類及相關例子，祝您備考順利！

為了確定期后事項對被審計單位財務報表的影響，有兩類期后事項需要被審計單位管理層考慮，并需要注冊會計師審計：（A subsequent event is an event or transaction that occurs after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. Subsequent events can be divided into two categories—recognized subsequent events and nonrecognized subsequent events.）

（1）財務報表日后調整事項，即對財務報表日已經存在的情況提供了新的或進一步證據的事項。

這類事項影響財務報表金額，需提請被審計單位管理層調整財務報表及與之相關的披露信息。（Subsequent events requiring an adjustment refers to those items/conditions, which already existed at the date of the financial statement or have some updated information and evidence. These items require the adjustment and relevant disclosure made by the management, as they will cause effect over the financial statements presentation.）

① 財務報表日后訴訟案件結案，法院判決證實了企業在資產負債表日已經存在現時義務，需要調整原先確認的與該訴訟案件相關的預計負債，或確認一項新負債。（Closing litigation after the date of the financial statements also requires adjustment, when the court has confirmed the entity’s current obligation existed at the date of the financial statements. Accordingly, the accrued/estimated liability should be adjusted to reflect the court decision or a new liability should be confirmed.）

② 財務報表日后取得確鑿證據，表明某項資產在資產負債表日發生了減值或者需要調整該項資產原先確認的減值金額。（Inthe case that reliable evidence has been obtained after the financial statement date, and the evidence can prove that certain assets have impaired and therefore provision is needed to decrease the original value as of the financial statement date.）

③ 財務報表日后進一步確定了資產負債表日前購入資產的成本或售出資產的收入。（In the period subsequent to the financial statement date, it is further confirmed the history cost of previously-purchased assets or the income of asset disposal.）

④ 財務報表日后發現了財務報表舞弊或差錯。（After the date of financial statements, the errors or the fraud in the financial statements are found/spotted.）

（2）財務報表日后非調整事項，即表明財務報表日后發生的情況的事項。

這類事項雖不影響財務報表金額，但可能影響財務報表的正確理解，需提請被審計單位管理層在財務報表的附注中作適當披露。（Subsequent events that provide information about conditions that occurred after the balance sheet date and did not exist at the balance sheet date. Entities should not recognize nonrecognized subsequent events in the financial statements. The disclosure in the notes of financial statements by the management is needed.）

① 發行股票和債券(報表日后發生)

Sale of bond or capital stock

② 商業并購(報表日后發生)

Business combination

③訴訟案件結案,在資產負債表日之前未存在現實義務

Settlement of litigation, if the litigation arose after the balance sheet date

④ 由于火災或重大自然災害導致的工廠/存貨損失(報表日后發生)

Loss of plant or inventory due to fire or natural disaster

⑤ 資產或負債的公允價值變動或匯率變動(報表日后發生)

Changes in the fair value of assets or liabilities or foreign exchange rates

⑥ 簽訂重大擔保協議或承擔或有負債(報表日后發生)

Entering into significant commitments or contingent liabilities 

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