Project Management (項目管理) （三）

企業各項業務的進行都離不開項目，一個個小項目組合成大項目，直到整個公司的運營。

本篇主要對項目的計劃階段進行整理和總結。

Project Management (項目管理) （三）

2. Planning Phase（計劃階段）

The project planning phase often is also called the "design phase“. It is the second phase in the project life cycle and involves creating a set of plans to help guide the team through the execution and closure phases of the project. The plans will focus on the management of time, cost, quality, change, risk and other issues. Furthermore, they will be used to manage staff and external suppliers.

項目計劃的階段也叫設計階段，具體分為以下六個方面：

The plans include these elements:

2.1 Project Management Plan（項目管理計劃）

is used to coordinate all project planning documents;

facilitates communication among stakeholders;

provides a baseline (i.e. starting point) for progress measurement and project control (briefly describes the overall scope, time and cost baseline and should be flexible and receptive).

項目管理計劃是指整合協調所有的項目計劃相關文件，及時與利益相關者進行交流溝通，以及提供時間計劃和管理控制項目的方面。

2.2 Work Breakdown Structure（項目分解結構）

specifies the breakdown of the project into tasks and sub-tasks (identifies the work that needs to be done; determines the resources required; sequences the work done; assists with cost control; and improves estimates).

把項目的任務進行細分，分為主要和次要或sub-tasks。

2.3 Resource Histogram（資源柱狀圖表）

The resource histogram specifies who will do what work at which time of the project.

To construct a resource histogram, the numbers of people who are or could be working at the same time at a particular task are detailed.

By drawing these diagrams, managers are able ask the questions: "Do I need that many people?" and "Can this activity be done by someone else?

項目的表述包括一系列的手段和方式，包括各種圖表的展現方式。