F1-管理學術語英漢對照解釋（11）

Managerial Communication and Information Technology

1、Communication：溝通

The transfer and understanding of meaning.

指意義的傳遞和理解。

2、Interpersonal communication：人際溝通

Communication between two or more people.

指存在于兩人或多人之間的溝通。

3、Organizational communication：組織溝通

All the patterns， networks and systems of communication within an organizational.

指組織中溝通的各種方式，網絡和系統等。

4、Message：信息

A purpose to be conveyed.

被傳遞的一個意圖。

5、Encoding：編碼

Converting a massage into symbols.

把信息轉化為信號形式。

6、Channel：通道

The medium a message travels along.

信息傳遞的中介。

7、Decoding：解碼

Retranslating a sender‘s message.

接收者轉譯收到的信號。

8、Communication process：溝通過程

The seven elements involved in transferring meaning form one person to another.

指信息從一個人傳遞到另一個人的七個要素組成的過程。

9、Noise：噪聲

Any disturbances that interfere with the transmission receipt or feedback of a message.

是對信息的傳送和接收或反饋造成干擾的因素。

10、Nonverbal communication：非言語溝通

Communication transmitted without words.

就是不經由言語表達的溝通。

11、Body language：體態語言

Gestures facial expressions， and other movements of the body that convey meaning.

指傳達意義的手勢，臉部表情和其他身體動作。

12、Verbal intonation：語調

An emphasis given to words or phrases that conveys meaning.

指一個人對傳達意義的某些詞匯或短語的強調。

13、Filtering：過濾

The deliberate manipulation of information to make it appear more favorable to receiver.

指故意操縱信息，使信息顯得更容易得到接受。

14、Selective perception：選擇性知覺

When people selectively interpret what they see or hear on the basis of their interests background experience and attitudes.

指人們根據自己的興趣，經驗和態度而有選擇地去解釋自己所看或所聽的信息。

15、Information overload：信息超載

The information we have to work with exceeds our processing capacity.

指我們面對的信息超過了我們的處理能力。

16、Jargon：行話

Specialized terminology or technical language that members of a group use to communicate among themselves.

指一組人員內部溝通中所用的專業術語或技術語言。

17、Active listening：積極傾聽

Listening for full meaning without making premature judgments or interpretations.

指不帶先入為主的判斷或解釋的對于信息完整意義的接受。

18、Formal communication：正式溝通

Communication that takes place within prescribed organizational work arrangements.

指按照規定的指揮鏈或者作為中國的一部分而進行的溝通。

19、Informal communication：非正式溝通

Communication that is not defined by the organization‘s structural hierarchy.

指不由組織的層次結構限定的溝通。

20、Downward communication：下行溝通

Communication that flows downward form a manager to employees.

指一種信息從管理者流向下屬人員的溝通。

21、Upward communication：上行溝通

Communication that flows upward from employees to managers.

就是信息從下屬人員流向管理者的溝通。

22、Lateral communication：橫向溝通

Communication that takes place among any employees on the same organizational levels.

指在同一組織層次的員工之間發生的溝通。

23、Diagonal communication：斜向溝通

communication that cuts across work areas and organizational levels.

指發生在同時跨工作部門和跨組織層次的員工之間的溝通。

24、Communication networks：溝通網絡

The variety of patterns of vertical and horizontal flows of organizational communication.

組織溝通信息的縱向和橫向流動集合而成的各種形態。

25、Grapevine：小道消息

The informal organizational communication network.

傳播的非正式網絡。

26、e-mail：電子郵件

The instantaneous transmission of written messages on computers that are linked together.

通過聯網的計算機發送書面信息的一種郵件瞬時傳遞方式。

27、Instant messaging（IM）：即時信息

interactive real-time communication that takes place among computer users logged on the computer network at the same time.

一種能夠在計算機網絡使用者之間實現互動的實時溝通。

28、Voice mail：音頻郵件

A communication system that digitizes a spoken message， transmits it over a network， and stores the message on disk for the receiver to retrieve later.

是對聲音信息的數字化處理，使之能通過網絡傳遞并儲存在電腦中，以方便接收者需要時使用。

29、Fax：傳真

Communication through machines that allow the transmission of documents containing both text and graphics over ordinary telephone lines.

包含文字和圖表信息的文件得以通過普通的電話線傳遞。

30、Electronic data interchange（EDI）：電子數據交換

A way for organizations to exchange standard business transaction documents using direct computer-to-computer networks.

是通過直接的計算機對計算機網絡，使組織之間得以交換標準化的商務交易文件。

31、Teleconferencing：電話會議

Communication system that allows a group of people to confer simultaneously using telephone or e-mail group communications software.

一群在不同地點參加會議的人員能通過電話或電子群件通信軟件在同一時間開會。

32、Videoconferencing：可視會議

A simultaneous communication conference in which participants can see each other.

指會議參加者能夠通過電視屏幕看到對方。

33、Intranet：內部互聯網

An organizational communication network that uses internet technology and is accessible only by organizational employees.

是一種運用互聯網技術而在組織內部建立的溝通網絡，只有組織的成員才能登錄該網絡。

34、Extranet：外部互聯網

An organizational communication network that uses internet technology and allows authorized uses inside the organization to communicate with certain outsiders.

是運用互聯網技術建立的組織溝通網絡，它允許組織內部的使用者經授權后可直接與組織外部的顧客，供應商進行溝通。

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