F1-管理學術(shù)語英漢對照解釋（10）

Organizational Structure and Design

1、organizing：組織工作

The process of creating an organization‘s structure.

被定義為一個組織結(jié)構(gòu)的創(chuàng)設過程。

2、organizational structure：組織結(jié)構(gòu)

The formal framework by which jobs tasks are divided，grouped， and coordinated

組織中正式確定的使工作任務得以分解、組合和協(xié)調(diào)的框架體系。

3、organizational design：組織設計

Developing or changing an organization‘s structure.

管理者發(fā)展或變革一個組織結(jié)構(gòu)。

4、Work specialization： 工作專門化

The degree to which tasks in an organization are divided into separate jobs； also known as division of labor.

描述組織中的任務被劃分為各項專門工作的程度。

5、departmentalization：部門化

The basis by which jobs are grouped together.

就是指將若干職位組合在一起的依據(jù)和方式。

6、functional departmentalization：職能部門化

Groups jobs by functions performed.

是依據(jù)所履行的職能來組合工作。

7、product departmentalization：產(chǎn)品部門化

Groups jobs by product line.

是依據(jù)產(chǎn)品線來組合工作。

8、geographical departmentalization：地區(qū)部門化

Groups jobs on the basis of territory or geography.

是按照地理區(qū)域進行工作的組合。

9、process departmentalization：過程部門化

Groups jobs on the basis of product or customer flow.

是依據(jù)產(chǎn)品或顧客流來組合工作，使各項活動沿著處理產(chǎn)品或為顧客提供服務的工藝過程的順序來組織的。

10、customer departmentalization：顧客部門化

Groups jobs on the basis of common customers.

是依據(jù)共同的顧客來組織工作，這組顧客具有某類相同的需要或問題，要有相應的專家才能更好地予以滿足。

11、cross-functional teams：跨職能團隊

Groups of individuals who are experts in various specialties who work together.

這是將各專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的專家們組合在一起協(xié)調(diào)工作。

12、chain of command：指揮鏈

The continuous line of authority that extends from upper organizational levels to the lowest and clarifies who reports to whom.

是指從組織高層延伸到基層的這樣一條持續(xù)的職權(quán)線，它界定了誰向誰報告工作。

13、authority：職權(quán)

The rights inherent in a managerial position to tell people what to do and to expect them to do it.

是指管理職務所固有的發(fā)布命令和希望命令得到執(zhí)行的這樣一種權(quán)力。

14、responsibility：職責

The obligation to perform any assigned duties.

對完成任務的期待或義務。

15、unity of command：統(tǒng)一指揮

The management principle that each person should report to only one manager.

法約爾提出的14條管理原則之一——使組織能保持一條持續(xù)的職權(quán)線。它是指每個下屬應當而且只能向一個上級主管直接報告工作。

16、span of control：管理跨度

The number of employees a manager can efficiently and effectively manager.

一位管理者能夠有效地管理下屬數(shù)量的程度。

17、centralization：集權(quán)化

The degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in organization.

反映決策集中于組織中某一點的程度。

18、decentralization：分權(quán)化

The degree to which lower-level employees provide input or actually make decisions.

低層人員提供了更多的決策投入，或者實際上可以做出決策的程度。

19、formalization：正規(guī)化

The degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized and the extent to which employee behavior is guided by rules and procedures.

指組織中各項工作標準化以及員工行為受規(guī)則和程序約束的程度。

20、mechanistic organization：機械式組織

An organizational design that‘s rigid and tightly controlled.

是一種刻板的嚴密控制的結(jié)構(gòu)。

21、organic organization：有機式組織

An organizational design that‘s highly adaptive and flexible.

是一種靈活的具有高度適應性的結(jié)構(gòu)。

22、unit product：單件生產(chǎn)

The production of items in units or small batches.

代表的是單件或小批量的生產(chǎn)。

23、mass production：大批量生產(chǎn)

The production of items in large batches.

也就是大批、大量的生產(chǎn)。

24、process production：連續(xù)生產(chǎn)

The production of items in continuous process.

反映連續(xù)流程的生產(chǎn)。

25、simple structure：簡單結(jié)構(gòu)

An organizational design with low departmentalization， wide spans of control， centralized authority， and little formalization.

就是一種低度部門化、寬管理跨度，職權(quán)集中于一人手中，且正規(guī)化程度低的組織設計。

26、functional structure：職能型結(jié)構(gòu)

An organizational design that groups similar or related occupational specialties together. divisional structure： An organizational structure made up of separate， semiautonomous units or divisions.

是一種將相似或相關(guān)職業(yè)的專家們組合在一起的組織設計。

27、Divisional Structure：事業(yè)部型結(jié)構(gòu)

An organizational structure made up of separate， semiautonomous units or divisions.

事業(yè)部型結(jié)構(gòu)是一種由相為獨立的單位或事業(yè)部組成的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。

28、team-based structure：基于團隊的結(jié)構(gòu)

An organizational structure in which the entire organization is made up of work groups or teams.

在基于團隊的結(jié)構(gòu)中，整個組織是由執(zhí)行組織的各項任務的工作小組或團隊組成。

29、matrix structure： 矩陣型結(jié)構(gòu)

An organizational structure that assigns specialists from different functional departments to work on one or more projects.

是指從各職能部門中抽調(diào)有關(guān)專家，分派他們在一個或多個由項目經(jīng)理領(lǐng)導的項目小組中工作的這樣一種專職設計。

30、project structure：項目型結(jié)構(gòu)

An organizational structure in which employees continuously work on projects.

員工持續(xù)地變換工作的工作小組。

31、autonomous internal units：內(nèi)部自治單位

Separate decentralized business units， each with its own products， clients， competition， and profit goals.

是指獨立的分權(quán)化經(jīng)營的單位，每一單位都有自己的產(chǎn)品、顧客和競爭對手，都對其利潤目標負責。

30、boundary less organization：無界組織

An organization whose design is not defined by ，or limited to ，the horizontal， vertical， or external boundaries imposed by a predefined structure.

是指其橫向的、縱向的或外部的邊界不由某種預先設定的結(jié)構(gòu)所限定或定義的這樣一種組織設計。

31、Virtual organization：虛擬組織

An organization that consists of a small core of full-time employees and that temporarily hires outside specialists to work on opportunities that arise.

組織雇傭少部分核心全日制雇員，當機會出現(xiàn)時臨時雇傭外部專家一起工作。

32、Network organization ：網(wǎng)絡型組織

A small core organization that outsources major business functions.

一種外部資源主導經(jīng)營職能的小型核心組織。

33、Modular organization：模塊型組織

A manufacturing organization that uses outside suppliers to provide product components of modules that are then assembled into final products.

制造業(yè)組織，它利用外部供應商提供的零件和部件生產(chǎn)組裝至終產(chǎn)品。

34、Learning organization：學習型組織

An organization that has developed the capacity to continuously adapt and change because all members take an active role in identifying and resolving work-related issues.

它是指由于所以組成成員都積極參與到與工作有關(guān)問題的識別與解決中，從而使組織形成了持續(xù)適應和變革能力的這樣一種組織。

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